Demographic Differences in Access to Community-Based Naloxone Distribution in Rhode Island, 2024.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate community-based naloxone access in Rhode Island by demographics and distribution methodology, with a health equity lens. DESIGN: The analysis used self-reported demographic and distribution information from individuals receiving naloxone from community-based agencies in 2024. SETTING: Rhode Island. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who received a naloxone kit from community-based agencies in Rhode Island. No personally identifiable individual level data were collected or used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic information of individuals receiving intranasal naloxone from community-based agencies was examined by distribution methods, which include naloxone received in-person (fixed distribution site and mobile outreach) versus mail-delivered naloxone and by distance traveled to receive naloxone. RESULTS: In 2024, most individuals received naloxone via in-person distribution (91.3%), with the most interactions through mobile outreach (51.8%), and received naloxone within 10 miles of their residence ZIP code (91.3%). Individuals living in rural areas, those identifying as woman or a gender minority, and those under 25 more commonly received naloxone via mail delivery or further from their residence. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis demonstrates that varied naloxone distribution methods reach diverse populations. Methods for naloxone receipt can be used to expand naloxone distribution to specific populations.