Lipid reprogramming and ferroptosis crosstalk in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic targeting

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) features metabolic dysregulation, with altered lipid metabolism and ferroptosis dysregulation driving malignancy. This review examines the interplay between lipid reprogramming and ferroptosis resistance in ccRCC pathogenesis and therapy. Tumor cells exploit lipid accumulation for growth and evade ferroptosis adaptively. Preclinical studies show targeting lipid metabolism or inducing ferroptosis synergizes with anti-angiogenic/immunotherapy, improving survival. This study provides a framework for dual therapeutic strategies.