The predictive value of the leuko-glycemic index in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients undergoing neurosurgical operation: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: This research sought to determine the prognostic utility of the leuko-glycemic index (LGI) in predicting surgical outcomes following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and to establish its potential role in clinical outcome assessment. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using medical records of spontaneous ICH patients who received surgical intervention at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. Patients were stratified into two cohorts according to their 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and postoperative prognosis were examined, and a predictive framework was constructed. The discriminatory power and optimal threshold of LGI were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Of the 720 enrolled postoperative ICH patients, 224 (31.11%) achieved a favorable prognosis, while 496 (68.89%) had an unfavorable outcome. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant disparities in several variables: age, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, GCS score at admission, timing of surgical intervention, LGI, serum potassium, blood glucose, and heart rate. Binary logistic regression identified LGI (OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.004-1.013; p < 0.001) as an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis after ICH surgery. An LGI exceeding 98.38 is associated with a higher likelihood of poor functional recovery, whereas a GCS score of 9 or more tends to predict a more favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: Both preoperative LGI and admission GCS score serve as reliable indicators of clinical prognosis in spontaneous ICH patients undergoing neurosurgical operation.