Trauma-and violence-informed physical activity for women experiencing interpersonal and structural violence: Qualitative perspectives on mental health benefits.

BackgroundThe global burden of mental health disorders is increasing, placing strain on healthcare systems. Physical activity is an evidence-based strategy for improving mental health; however, access remains inequitable. This study examined how embedding trauma- and violence-informed principles within physical activity programming can support mental health among self-identified women who experience interpersonal and/or structural violence.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews within a feminist participatory action research project that delivered group-based trauma- and violence-informed physical activity (TVIPA) programs across three low-income Canadian communities. Women were interviewed after completing at least 6 weeks of programming. Data were analyzed thematically using an intersectional lens (considering overlapping social identities and structural inequities) to explore perceived benefits, mechanisms of change, and contextual factors.ResultsData were drawn from n = 74 participants who self-identified mental health concerns, from the total study cohort of n = 168. Three themes were constructed: (1) Enhancing mental health and building self-efficacy through TVIPA, (2) Safety as a foundational pillar for engagement, and (3) Physical activity as a catalyst for connection and community. Participants discussed experiencing improved mental health symptoms, enhanced body awareness, and support for recovery from substance use and addiction. These outcomes were fostered by foundational principles of trust and safety, as well as program features like women-only classes and group-based formats.ConclusionIntegrating trauma- and violence-informed principles into physical activity programming offers a novel approach to enhancing mental health benefits, particularly for individuals with complex needs. Emphasizing safety, enjoyment, and social support helped reduce barriers and highlights the potential of TVIPA to promote mental health equity.