Concurrent validity of computer-vision artificial intelligence player tracking software using broadcast footage

This study aimed to: (1) quantify the accuracy of commercially available computer-vision and artificial intelligence (AI) player tracking software to measure player position, speed and distance covered using broadcast footage and (2) determine the impact of camera feed and resolution on accuracy. Data were obtained from one match at the 2022 Qatar Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup. Tactical, programme and camera 1 feeds were used. Three commercial tracking providers that use computer-vision and AI participated. Providers analysed instantaneous position (x, y co-ordinates) and speed (m·s −1 ) of each player. Their data were compared with a high-definition multi-camera tracking system (TRACAB Gen 5). Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias were calculated. Position RMSE ranged from 1.68 to 16.39 m, while speed RMSE ranged from 0.34 to 2.38 m·s −1 . Total distance mean bias ranged from −1745 m (−21.8%) to 1945 m (24.3%) across providers. Computer-vision and AI player tracking software offer the best accuracy when players are detected by the software. Providers should use a tactical feed when tracking position and speed, which will maximise player detection, improving accuracy. Both 720p and 1080p resolutions are suitable, assuming appropriate computer-vision and AI models are implemented.