Yun Bae Nam, Kyeong-hoon Park
The purpose of this study was to analyze scoring outcomes according to manufacturer differences in official Taekwondo Protector and Scoring Systems (PSS). To this end, match data were collected from 77 women’s bouts at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games using the D-company PSS and 361 women’s bouts at the 2025 World Taekwondo Championships using the K-company PSS. Due to differences in weight class structures between the two competitions, all data were integrated and analyzed based on the Olympic weight class criteria. The results showed that, across all weight classes, the K-company PSS exhibited a higher proportion of trunk scoring, whereas the D-company PSS demonstrated a relatively higher proportion of head scoring. For both manufacturers, roundhouse kicks were identified as the primary scoring technique; however, statistically significant differences in scoring outcomes were observed between manufacturers even when technically comparable actions and match situations were applied. These differences were particularly pronounced in the lightweight divisions, where a wider range of techniques and competitive situations contributed to scoring, while in the middleweight and heavyweight divisions, differences were more limited and primarily associated with high-scoring techniques.