Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and face validity of an educational brochure for Spanish women with primary dysmenorrhea.

BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological condition in Spain that negatively affects the quality of life of many women of reproductive age. Although PD is highly prevalent, it remains frequently underdiagnosed, and culturally adapted educational resources are limited, while management continues to rely predominantly on pharmacological treatment. Developing culturally adapted educational materials is relevant to promote menstrual health and self-care strategies in Spanish women with PD.ObjectiveTo translate, culturally adapt, and assess the content and face validity of an educational brochure originally developed in Brazil for Spanish women with PD.DesignCross-cultural adaptation and face validation.MethodsThe process comprised 2 stages: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation following standardized guidelines; and (2) face validation by 10 physical therapists and 26 women with PD. Clarity, content appropriateness, presentation, and usefulness were assessed using structured questionnaires. Content validity was assessed among physiotherapists using the Content Validity Index (CVI), whereas face validity among women with PD was evaluated using the Percentage of Absolute Agreement (PAA). The thresholds for CVI and PAA were established at 0.78 and 75%, respectively.ResultsThe Spanish version of the brochure demonstrated strong face validity. All items assessed by physiotherapists reached high agreement, with CVI values ≥0.90 across all domains. Among women with primary dysmenorrhea, the brochure achieved full agreement for language clarity (PAA=100%) and high acceptability of its presentation (PAA=92.3%). Participants highlighted the clarity, usefulness, and visual organization of the material.ConclusionThe educational brochure originally developed in Brazil was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Spanish women with PD. The Spanish version demonstrated strong face validity and appears to be a clear and useful resource for supporting menstrual health education and self-care strategies.