Ashmita Mazumder, Suzanne Erb, Marc A Fournier
The present study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional measure of state impulsivity. Drawing on existing theoretical and empirical work, we proposed a three-factor structure of state impulsivity consisting of SPontaneity, Urgency, and Rash action (SPUR). We validated this tool using ecological momentary assessment data from 274 participants, collected over 6 days. Multilevel factor analyses confirmed a correlated three-factor structure, though no support for a higher-order impulsivity factor at the within- or between-person levels was found. The SPUR scales demonstrated strong reliability, convergent validity with established trait and state measures of impulsivity, as well as criterion validity in predicting alcohol use, drug use, and self-control. Importantly, the scales showed incremental validity in predicting certain outcomes (drug use and self-control) over and above the most commonly used alternative state measure. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the SPUR is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the dimensions of state impulsivity.