Exposure to norm in offshore decommissioning: A systematic review with an emphasis on occupational health and safety.

BackgroundThe decommissioning of oil and gas production systems has been increasing significantly as production facilities reach the end of their useful life. This brings forth challenges that are still underexplored, particularly regarding exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and its implications for the health and safety of workers involved in these operations.Objectiveto investigate, through a systematic literature review, the reporting of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) exposure in offshore decommissioning activities, with a focus on occupational health and safety implications for Workers.Methodsa systematic review was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies reporting on NORM exposure during offshore oil and gas decommissioning. The review synthesized evidence regarding health and safety risks, handling of contaminated equipment, and existing safety protocols, highlighting gaps in current knowledge and áreas for future research.Resultsthe review revealed significant knowledge gaps regarding NORM exposure and its impact on worker safety. Key concerns include the handling, transportation, and disposal of contaminated equipment and materials, which increase occupational health risks. The findings underscore the limited availability of tailored safety protocols and effective communication strategies in current practice.ConclusionsUnderstanding the occupational health risks associated with NORM in offshore decommissioning is critical as aging oil and gas platforms are retired. The review emphasizes the need for the development of specific risk assessment models, improved safety protocols, and targeted communication strategies. Future research should focus on the interactions between different radionuclides, their health implications, and the design of preventive measures to protect workers.