Decoding of Nocturnal Fasting and Health: Possible Role of Zeitgebers and Melatonin.

BACKGROUND: In today's digital era, studies have shown that fasting is an important physiological intervention for weight loss, exerting beneficial effects on physical and mental health, as well as cognitive performance. However, until now, few theoretical frameworks for nocturnal fasting have been proposed and are still not completely elucidated. SUMMARY: Based on previous studies' observations, the present authors have proposed a hypothesis-based conceptual model of nocturnal fasting to illustrate how a simple psychophysiological framework facilitates an understanding of the neurophysiology involved in maintaining a healthy homeostatic life. Additionally, this model will help nutritionists, clinicians and researchers to incorporate zeitgebers (light-dark cues) and meal timing, an important dynamic tool for managing a healthy body and brain. KEY MESSAGE: From the present model, zeitgebers and meal times could be valuable public health tools for healthy metabolic signatures. Further, they may be used as chronotherapeutic interventions for preventing chronic diseases.