Breast Milk Expression in Mothers of Full-Term Infants: A Scoping Review of Available Information

BACKGROUND: Human milk expression can provide milk removal in place of or in conjunction with an infant that is not exclusively breastfeeding. Although much information is available about milk expression for mothers of premature infants, there is little information about milk expression for mothers of full-term infants. RESEARCH AIM: The objective of this scoping review is to examine information about milk expression for mothers of full-term infants. METHOD: = 1476) from Pub Med, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and Scopus were screened. A total of 69 English language articles published from 2014 to 2024 were included. RESULTS: For mothers of full-term infants, regular milk expression was associated with earlier cessation of human milk feeding. Women viewed milk expression as useful but had mixed feelings about the practice. The most common negative theme was the time-consuming nature of milk expression. Women reported a lack of practical guidance and support around milk expression, especially for those who are exclusively pumping. Pump technology is improving in efficiency and comfort, but few guidelines and strategies are available regarding how to best use this technology. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of practical guidance, recommendations, and support highlight a critical need for improved education and resources to help women navigate milk expression effectively.