Ultrasound evaluation of the upper airway in children: technique and applications.

Ultrasound (US) is often the first imaging modality used inneonates and children. However, US of the pediatric upper airway remains relatively under-utilized. Airway US in children is simple to perform and interpret, and the anterior transverse view is the primary and most important view for upper airway assessment. This pictorial review describes the sonographic technique and anatomy of the pediatric upper airway, with diagrammatic illustrations at various anatomical landmarks. Important sonographic features of various upper airway pathologies in children are also illustrated.