Influenza virus infection during pregnancy: a review of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention strategies.

Influenza virus, as a highly mutable respiratory virus, has been persistently circulating in the human population and has become an important threat to global public health. Pregnant women are significantly more susceptible to influenza due to physiological changes in immune function, and their condition often becomes more severe after infection. Infection with influenza virus during pregnancy not only increases the severity of the disease and the risk of complications in pregnant women, but may also affect the neurological development and overall outcome of the fetus. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying adverse maternal and infant health outcomes caused by influenza virus infection during pregnancy. It also explores in detail the safety and effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy and evaluates the effectiveness of implementation comprehensive management strategies. By integrating the latest basic and clinical research results, this article aims to provide a literature reference for mechanistic research and the prevention and control of influenza virus infection during pregnancy, as well as scientific basis for clinical decision-making and optimization of public health strategies, promote effective control and management of influenza during pregnancy, and ensure the health and safety of mothers and infants.