Amy L. Peterson, Ambika P. Ashraf, Jennifer Bachman, Robert A. Hegele, Maya Rashad, Andrew M. South, Andrew H. Tran, Justin P. Zachariah, Jonathan P. Wong
Pediatric hypertriglyceridemia is common in youths, affecting 10% to 20% of US children and adolescents, and is increasingly recognized because of its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and steatotic liver disease. Hypertriglyceridemia can lead to life-threatening acute pancreatitis, and prolonged exposure may increase risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Screening for pediatric dyslipidemia has been recommended by a number of society guidelines; however, screening rates remain suboptimal. Treatment includes a multidisciplinary approach focused on increasing physical activity, dietary interventions, and pharmacotherapy. This scientific statement outlines triglyceride metabolism and the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridemia and provides an evidence-based review of the current literature on the screening, diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertriglyceridemia. This review highlights the need for additional research for effective lifestyle and pharmacotherapy for the treatment of pediatric hypertriglyceridemia.