Masatoshi Kudo, Arndt Vogel, Thomas R Jeffry Evans, Yuk Ting Ma, Bruno Daniele, Ari David Baron, Amit Mahipal, Shukui Qin, Jean Frederic Blanc, Carlos Lopez Lopez, Ann-Lii Cheng, Su Pin Choo, Fabio Piscaglia, Kalgi Mody, Min Ren, Stephen Lam Chan
Consistent with the overall REFLECT population, older patients in the lenvatinib arm generally showed improved efficacy versus the sorafenib arm, supporting lenvatinib as an option for older patients with uHCC.
INTRODUCTION: In the open-label, phase 3 REFLECT trial, lenvatinib had noninferior overall survival (OS) to sorafenib, as well as improved progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We report post hoc safety and efficacy in older patients.
METHODS: In REFLECT (NCT01761266), patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed uHCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to lenvatinib (12 mg/day [bodyweight ≥60 kg] or 8 mg/day [bodyweight <60 kg]) or sorafenib 400 mg twice daily in 28-day cycles. In this analysis, OS, PFS, ORR, and safety were evaluated in patients aged ≥65 and ≥75 years. Efficacy was evaluated per modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors by masked independent imaging review.
RESULTS: By data cutoff (November 13, 2016), 401 patients (208 receiving lenvatinib, 193 receiving sorafenib) were aged ≥65 years; of them, 125 (58 receiving lenvatinib, 67 receiving sorafenib) were aged ≥75 years. In the age ≥65 group, median OS was 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.0-18.7) in the lenvatinib arm and 13.4 months (95% CI: 11.6-16.3) in the sorafenib arm (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.844; 95% CI: 0.664-1.074); the OS HR was 0.807 (95% CI: 0.634-1.028) after adjusting for baseline alpha-fetoprotein. Median PFS was 7.4 months (95% CI: 5.6-9.1) with lenvatinib and 5.4 months (95% CI: 3.6-5.5) with sorafenib (HR: 0.571; 95% CI: 0.432-0.755). ORRs were 42.8% (95% CI: 36.1-49.5) with lenvatinib and 14.5% (95% CI: 9.5-19.5) with sorafenib. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hypertension (47.3%) in the lenvatinib arm and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (50.8%) in the sorafenib arm. The incidence of grade ≥3 TEAEs was 82.1% and 72.5% in the lenvatinib and sorafenib arm, respectively. Similar results were observed in patients aged ≥75 years.
CONCLUSION: Consistent with the overall REFLECT population, older patients in the lenvatinib arm generally showed improved efficacy versus the sorafenib arm, supporting lenvatinib as an option for older patients with uHCC.