Sara Ribeiro, Patrícia Gomes Ferreira, Bruno Lima, Telma Moreno, J. Basto Gonçalves, Helena Urbano Ferreira, Inês Meira, João Menino, Ana Rita Leite, Marta Borges‐Canha, Maria Manuel Silva, Vanessa Guerreiro, Jorge Pedro, Ana Paula Muterle Varela, Diana Festas Silva, Paula Freitas, Eduardo Lima da Costa, Joana Queirós
Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective intervention for severe obesity, but long-term weight regain (WR) can occur and may impact comorbidity outcomes. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients who underwent BS with a 10-year follow-up. WR was calculated as the percentage of maximum weight loss (%MWL) that had been regained from the nadir weight. Patients were categorized as "Maintainers" (WR ≤20% of %MWL) or "Regainers" (WR >20%). RESULTS: Among the 353 included patients, 317 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and 36 underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG), 90.4% were female, with a mean age of 42 ± 11 years and a mean body mass index of 44.6 kg/m2. Mean WR at 10 years was 28% (±25), higher in SG vs. RYGB (41.37% vs. 26.17%, p = 0.03). Overall, 56.7% were Regainers. Baseline type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) was associated with an approximately 40% reduced risk of WR >20% (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.93; p = 0.023). WR was not significantly associated with the recurrence or remission of T2D, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: WR is common a decade after BS, particularly following SG. While WR does not appear to significantly impact comorbidity recurrence, its clinical relevance warrants further study. Standardized definitions are urgently needed to guide long-term management. .