E A Gantsova, I V Arutyunyan, G D Perevyazkina, K B Gordon, T Kh Fatkhudinov
The review evaluates the potential of preclinical in vivo modeling of human tumors. Two fundamental xenograft technologies, cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX), are described and their roles within the established methodological framework of translational biomedicine are characterized. The discussion covers practical aspects of model creation and the role of immunodeficient animals in the evolution of cancer modeling. Original data and the results of other research groups obtained in the study of tumor xenografts are analyzed. A comprehensive assessment of the advantages and limitations of CDX and PDX tumor models suggests that they play complementary, rather than competing, roles in modern preclinical oncology.