Beyond Major Pathologic Response in Lung Cancer: Biomarkers Predict Outcomes.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy improves outcomes in resectable non-small cell lung cancer, yet pathologic response incompletely predicts durability of benefit. Spatial profiling using resected tumors and lymph nodes revealed distinct immune subtypes and identified a gene signature associated with improved outcomes, providing a framework for biomarker-guided treatment selection and prospective validation.