An Integrative Perspective on Bat Evolution

Bats are one of the most widespread, species-rich, ecologically and morphologically diverse mammal lineages, and the only mammals capable of powered flight. Due to their evolution within the constraints of a mammalian template, bats represent an important and unique system in which to investigate the factors and mechanisms associated with mammalian phenotypic evolution and diversification. Here we review key traits and functions associated with bat diversification: powered flight, specialized senses, diverse diets, and exceptional longevity and immunity. We also highlight the roles of bats in driving the evolution of other species and their importance to global ecosystems. We integrate information across the fields of paleontology, developmental biology, functional morphology, biomechanics, genomics, physiology, and ecology to piece together the complex processes underlying bat evolution and diversification.