A multiscale kinetic theory approach to viral-immune competition

The differential model proposed in this paper is designed to capture the complex dynamics of viral infections and immune responses. Its novelty lies in the inclusion of messenger sub-particles that integrate interactions at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. This paper’s innovative approach is to use kinetic theory in a multiscale framework. We examine the role of molecular messengers in shaping infection dynamics, with a focus on virus recognition and immune system activation. Simulations show that this approach aligns with clinical observations such as the dual role of interferons in antiviral defence and immunopathology. This highlights the potential of the model to inform therapeutic strategies.