Electromagnetic characteristics as probes into the inner structures of the predicted $$\Xi _c^{(',*)}D^{(*)}_s$$ molecular states

Abstract In this work, we conduct a systematic investigation of the electromagnetic properties, specifically the magnetic moments and the M1 radiative decay behavior, of the predicted $$\Xi _c^{(',*)}D^{(*)}_s$$ Ξ c ( ′ , ∗ ) D s ( ∗ ) -type double-charm hidden-strangeness molecular pentaquarks. The study is carried out within the framework of the constituent quark model to evaluate these electromagnetic observables, and our analysis incorporates three distinct scenarios: single-channel analysis, S – D wave mixing analysis, and coupled-channel analysis. The calculated magnetic moments reveal characteristic patterns that reflect their underlying constituent configurations and provide sensitive probes for their quantum number assignments. Furthermore, we identify several M1 radiative decay channels with sizable widths that may offer promising signatures for future experimental detection. These M1 transitions also act as sensitive probes into their inner structures, displaying distinctive features that help differentiate between their constituent configurations and quantum number assignments. We anticipate that this study will stimulate experimental interest in exploring the electromagnetic properties of the $$\Xi _c^{(',*)}D^{(*)}_s$$ Ξ c ( ′ , ∗ ) D s ( ∗ ) molecular states, thereby advancing our structural understanding of these exotic hadronic states.