Effects of a Nurse-Led Diabetes Perception Intervention Delivered via a Mobile Messaging Platform (LINE) on Glycemic Control and Patient Outcomes Among Adults with Diabetes and Poorly Controlled Glucose: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal glycemic control remains a major challenge among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Illness perceptions may influence diabetes self-management behaviors and glycemic control. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a nurse-led diabetes perception intervention delivered via a mobile messaging platform (LINE) on glycemic control, illness perceptions, and patient satisfaction among adults with T2D and poorly controlled glucose. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 102 adults aged 30-59 years with T2D and poorly controlled glucose [HbA1c 7.5-9.0% or FPG ≥130 mg/dL]. Participants were randomly assigned to either a nurse-led diabetes perception intervention delivered via LINE plus standard care (n = 51) or standard care alone (n = 51). HbA1c, FPG, and patient satisfaction were assessed at baseline and week 13, and illness perceptions at baseline, week 6, and week 13. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. At week 13, after adjustment for baseline values, the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower HbA1c (7.26% vs 7.91%; mean difference = -0.65%, 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.17; p = 0.008), FPG (123.12 vs 164.36 mg/dL; mean difference = -41.24 mg/dL, 95% CI: -57.37 to -25.11; p <0.001), and illness perception scores (31.90 vs 38.39; mean difference = -6.49, 95% CI: -9.58 to -3.40; p <0.001), together with higher patient satisfaction scores (63.90 vs 58.63; mean difference = 5.27, 95% CI: 2.38 to 8.17; p <0.001), compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The nurse-led diabetes perception intervention delivered via LINE significantly improved glycemic control, illness perceptions, and patient satisfaction among adults with T2D and poorly controlled glucose. These findings support the potential integration of this accessible and feasible nursing intervention into diabetes self-management support in clinical practice.