Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine: epidemiological challenges for public health

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces, which began in February 2022, has precipitated an unprecedented crisis with wide-ranging implications for the region and beyond. The negative impact of armed conflicts on public health has been studied in many regions, in particular in Yemen,1 Iraq,2 Congo,3 Afghanistan,4 Syria,5 etc. As we mark the second anniversary of this war, it is imperative to examine the myriad ways in which it has affected public health within Ukraine, posing significant epidemiological challenges. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the public health landscape in Ukraine in the wake of the invasion, focusing on the direct and indirect impacts on the health and well-being of the Ukrainian population.