Geomorphic Evidences of Neotectonic Activity in the Lower Chambal River Basin (Central India) Using Geospatial Technology

The Chambal River is a significant tributary of the Yamuna River. It originates from the Janapav Valley, Malwa Ridge of Madhya Pradesh, India, which is characterized by rugged geomorphic features such as gullies, ravines, and badland topography. The objective of the study is to understand the surface variability of the river by identifying the geomorphic evidence with the help of remote sensing (RS) and mathematical equations. The computing and numerical formulas of drainage parameters (linear, areal, relief, morpho-tectonic, and geometric) and the geo-processing model give the linear method. The Chambal River has 8th order and dendritic drainage pattern. The Chambal River has 8th order and dendritic drainage pattern. It has seven sub-basins: Mej, Banas, Kshipra, Choti Kali Sindh, Kali Sindh, Parbati, and Kuno. The estimated bifurcation ratio (3.32 to 6.46) and mean bifurcation ratio (4.32) show the geological and structural control of the drainage pattern. A drainage density value of 0.58 km/km2 suggests a relatively efficient drainage system, where streams meander gently across a flat landscape, facilitating moderate yet steady water flow. A drainage texture of 17.19 km–1 indicates a very fine texture, characterized by numerous small, closely spaced channels. This contributes to intricate erosion patterns, commonly observed in badlands. The escarpment heights along the left and right banks of the Chambal River are typical 13.64 to 13.72 m respectively. The Chambal River exhibits a gradual elevation decrease, though the profile shows localized ups and downs, indicating tectonic disturbances. The asymmetry factor of 44.98 indicates that the basin is tilted toward the left bank. The hypsometric integral of 0.50 suggests the river is moderately eroded. The rugged terrain of the Chambal River basin necessitates protection measures to control the degradation of natural resources, including soil and water, emphasizing the importance of sustainable management practices in this ecologically sensitive region.