mGem: <i>Faecalibacterium</i> , an important protector of gut health

ABSTRACT Faecalibacterium is among the most abundant bacterial genera in the healthy human colon, comprising approximately 10–15% of the total gut microbiota. Species within this genus ferment complex carbohydrates, including pectin, to produce butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonocytes and in Faecalibacterium is synthesized via the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase pathway. Reduced levels of Faecalibacterium are often associated with increased abundance of Escherichia coli and may be linked to early-onset colorectal cancer. Here, genomic analysis of Faecalibacterium strains revealed that several lack antibiotic resistance genes, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Additional genome mining revealed multiple biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including ranthipeptides, which may exhibit antimicrobial activity. Understanding the functional roles of these BGCs, particularly their potential to inhibit E. coli , is critical for advancing microbiome-based therapies. Moreover, developing effective delivery strategies to maintain Faecalibacterium populations in the colon is essential for promoting gut health and preventing disease.