The Relationship Between Dysfunctional Breathing and Physical Fitness in Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine how dysfunctional breathing (DB) affects physical fitness in older adults and whether these effects are independent of age, body mass index, and gender. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 118 community-dwelling older adults were evaluated using the Nijmegen Questionnaire to identify DB and the Senior Fitness Test Battery to assess physical fitness. Participants were categorized into two groups: DB (n = 46) and non-DB (n = 72). Multiple linear regression analyzed predictive relationships. RESULTS: DB was linked to significantly lower scores in the 30-s chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, and 8-foot up-and-go tests (p < .01). Nijmegen Questionnaire scores negatively correlated with physical fitness components and served as significant predictors of performance, especially in strength- and endurance-related tests. Age, body mass index, and gender also independently predicted decreased performance. CONCLUSIONS: DB is strongly associated with decreased physical fitness in older adults, particularly impacting endurance and mobility. These effects are partly independent of age, body mass index, and gender, underscoring the need for DB screening and tailored interventions to maintain functional capacity in aging populations. Significance/Implications: DB is an underrecognized factor associated with reduced physical fitness in older adults, particularly affecting endurance, strength, and mobility. Routine screening for DB may support more targeted rehabilitation strategies to preserve functional independence in aging populations.