GLP‐1 Receptor Agonist Medications for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: A Rapid Review of Changes in Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorder Risk

This rapid review aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on eating behaviors and eating disorder risk. Databases were searched to January 2025 to identify studies evaluating GLP-1 RA treatment for adolescents or adults with obesity or Type 2 diabetes. Eligible studies reported adverse events, changes in eating disorder risk, or eating behaviors post-intervention or follow-up. Data were synthesized narratively. Of 1597 records screened, 25 studies (k) were included (two adolescent, n = 275; 23 adult, n = 8722). Two studies reported eating disorder adverse events, and two reported no binge eating adverse events. Liraglutide reduced global eating disorder risk scores, with no differences between groups (k = 1). Binge eating episodes and prevalence reduced following liraglutide and semaglutide, respectively. Binge eating scores improved with liraglutide compared to placebo (k = 2). Food cravings following liraglutide (k = 1) or semaglutide (k = 6) were improved (k = 6) or unchanged (k = 1). There was no difference in disinhibition between liraglutide and comparator (k = 2) with one study reporting a reduction in both groups. Three non-RCTs reported reduced disinhibition with liraglutide. Limited data are available on GLP-1 RAs, eating behaviors and eating disorders. For most, eating behaviors may improve or remain unchanged. Comprehensive assessment of eating behaviors is needed to understand the benefits and risks of treatment.