Hyperglycemic microenvironment-driven periodontal tissue defects: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic advances.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has been on the rise, which has drawn scholars' attention to the association between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. MAIN BODY: Studies have demonstrated that a hyperglycemic microenvironment can notably increase the incidence of periodontitis and the severity of bone loss, impair the regenerative capacity of periodontal tissues, and thereby affect the therapeutic effect of periodontitis. This paper comprehensively reviews the latest research progress regarding the impact of diabetes mellitus on periodontitis and summarizes the current therapeutic strategies for diabetes complicated with periodontitis, including both traditional therapeutic methods and novel therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this review provides a systematic overview of the interaction between diabetes and periodontitis as well as related treatments, laying a foundation for subsequent clinical research and practice.