First report adsorptive differential pulse voltammetric sensor for sensitive determination of dronedarone in dosage form and biological samples based on tungsten oxide nanostructure: DFT assisted mechanistic insight.

The present study illustrated the construction, characterization, and application of a novel tungsten oxide nanoparticle (WO2NPs) based sensors for sensitive adsorptive differential pulse voltammetric quantification of dronedarone (DRO) in dosage forms and biological samples. The content of the WO2NPs was optimized with full characterization of the surface morphology and the electroanalytical features of the fabricated sensors. At pH 2, DRO molecule recorded an irreversible oxidation peak at 1.08 V following adsorption-controlled mechanism. The molecular orbital calculations and electroanalytical studies sustained the electrooxidation of the nitrogen atom (N5) through the transfer of two-electron/two-proton reaction. Calibration graphs showed linear dynamic range covering the DRO concentration ranged from 0.010 to 2.772 µgmL- 1, with LOD value 0.0031 µgmL- 1. The developed WO2NPs based voltammetric sensor has been successfully applied for the quantification of DRO in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The outcomes were contrasted with the previously reported analytical methods, with the advantages of acceptable performance, wide linear range, and low LOD value. The green assessment of the method acknowledged the environmental friendliness, with the minimal waste generation.