Enhancement of pooled chilled semen quality in four Kintamani dogs through extenders enriched with different concentrations of Spondias pinnata leaf extract.

Objectives: The present study determined the effects of the addition of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz leaf extract to extender on the quality of Kintamani dog semen during storage at 5°C for 72 h. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates were collected via manual stimulation from four dogs. The semen was pooled and diluted using a Tris-based extender, then divided into four treatment groups. Group T1: Control samples without extract; Group T2: Samples supplemented with Spondias pinnata leaf extract at 50 µg/100 ml; Group T3: Samples supplemented with 100 µg/100 ml; and Group T4: Samples supplemented with 150 µg/100 ml. The samples were evaluated for progressive motility, percent viability, and DNA integrity after storage for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Results: The findings indicate that a coconut water-based Tris-citrate extender is a viable alternative for canine semen preservation. Supplementation with 50 µg/100 ml S. pinnata leaf extract provides measurable benefits for maintaining sperm quality during chilled storage. Additionally, the extender system was able to preserve DNA integrity for at least 72 h. Conclusions: The use of S. pinnata leaf extract at an optimal concentration (50 µg/100 ml) improves progressive motility and viability of chilled Kintamani dog semen, while DNA integrity remains unaffected by storage duration or extender type. The coconut water-based Tris-citrate extender enriched with a moderate dose of S. pinnata leaf extract represents a promising formulation for short-term semen preservation. These findings may support the development of more accessible and cost-effective semen preservation techniques in Indonesia, particularly for local breeds such as the Kintamani dog.