Habitat changes and conservation challenges of black‐faced spoonbill ( <i>Platalea minor</i> ) in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Abstract The Black‐faced Spoonbill ( Platalea minor ), a globally endangered species, classified as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as of 2024 and reassessed as Vulnerable on June 18, 2025, is facing increasing threats in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) due to habitat degradation, human activities, and reclamation projects. The species relies on the DPRK's coastal wetlands and tidal mudflats for breeding, migration stopover, and over‐summering. While some areas are designated as National Migratory Bird Reserves, management measures have been limited, reducing their effectiveness. Previous data from 1997 to 2001 indicated significant Black‐faced Spoonbill populations at key sites, yet recent assessments are scarce, with only a few surveys conducted after 2016. Extensive reclamation projects have significantly reduced suitable habitats, particularly in Ryongmae Island Mudflat, South Hwanghae Province, Southwest coast of DPRK, and Honggon Islands, North Phyongan Province, Northwest coast of DPRK. The lack of up‐to‐date field data poses challenges for conservation efforts. While DPRK has established environmental protection laws and made international commitments, balancing conservation with economic development remains a challenge. This study highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive ecological surveys, stronger habitat protection policies, and international collaboration to mitigate habitat loss and ensure the long‐term survival of the Black‐faced Spoonbill in the DPRK.