Effects of Integrated Feeding of Tithonia diversifolia, Katuk Leaves and Palm Kernel Meal-Based Concentrate on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Milk Production of Sapera Goats Lactation.

This study aimed to determine the effects of a mixture of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) forage, palm kernel meal-based concentrate, and katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus) on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, milk production, and the composition of milk in first-lactation Sapera dairy goats. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments: A (control; commercial forage and commercial concentrate), B (60% tithonia + 20% commercial concentrate + 20% palm kernel meal-based concentrate), C (B + 1.5% katuk leaves), and D (B + 3% katuk leaves). The addition of katuk leaves to the diet resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in feed intake, protein digestibility, and milk yield by 18% compared with the control group. The fat, protein, and total milk solids content also increased by 9%, 12%, and 7%, respectively. The combination of tithonia and katuk leaves in this tropical feed system improved nutrient utilization efficiency and the quality of Sapera goat milk production in a sustainable manner.