Internet-Distributed Energy Management Strategy for Plug-In Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Power Source Degradation

This paper presents an energy management strategy (EMS) for plug-in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) aimed at minimizing both fuel consumption and power source degradation. Firstly, an Internet-distributed vehicle-in-the-loop (ID-VIL) simulation system is introduced, in which a cloud server, an on-road driving test vehicle, a fuel cell stack, and a power battery pack are coupled together through the Internet to evaluate energy management's influence on power source degradation. Secondly, a two-layer structure Internet-distributed energy management strategy (ID-EMS) is presented. The cloud-deployed top-layer optimizes the power split of PHEVs globally. Meanwhile, the bottom-layer onboard uses the top-layer's result as a reference to guide its real-time local optimization. Thus, real-time approximate global optimization is achieved. Lastly, based on the ID-VIL system, ID-EMS is tested in a 30-minute on-road driving experiment. Compared to the dynamic programming-based EMS (DP-EMS) and rule-based EMS (RB-EMS), the proposed ID-EMS can globally optimize fuel consumption and degradation of power sources in a real-time environment.