Dual-Domain Modulation Network for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution

Lightweight image super-resolution (SR) aims to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution images under limited computational costs. We find existing frequencybased SR methods cannot balance the reconstruction of overall structures and high-frequency parts. Meanwhile, these methods are inefficient for handling frequency features and unsuitable for lightweight SR. In this paper, we show introducing both wavelet and Fourier information allows our model to consider both highfrequency features and overall SR structure reconstruction while reducing costs. Specifically, we propose a Dual-domain Modulation Network that integrates both wavelet and Fourier information for enhanced frequency modeling. Unlike existing methods that rely on a single frequency representation, our design combines wavelet-domain modulation via a Wavelet-domain Modulation Transformer (WMT) with global Fourier supervision, enabling complementary spectral learning well-suited for lightweight SR. Experimental results show that our method achieves a comparable PSNR of SRFormer [1] and MambaIR [2] while with less than 50% and 60% of their FLOPs and achieving inference speeds 15.4× and 5.4× faster, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method on SR quality and lightweight.