Detection and Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal in Lithium-Ion Batteries During Charging and Discharging

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a critical technological cornerstone in modern energy infrastructure due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Monitoring of LIBs is essential for safety and reliability. Acoustic Emission (AE) technology enables non-destructive online monitoring of LIBs under normal operating conditions, coupled with electrochemical analysis. This paper employs an experimental setup to monitor AE signals during the charging and discharging processes of LIBs. A feature analysis of the preprocessed AE signals is conducted in conjunction with electrochemical-mechanical mechanisms. The results indicate that the deintercalation and intercalation of lithium ions (Li-ions) at the electrodes may generate opposite characteristics in the AE signals. The peak-peak amplitude and waveform time intervals of the signals show strong correlations with the electrical parameters and electrochemical states of the LIB under different charging and discharging modes, allowing for the identification of constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) stages. Analysis of data from multiple LIBs under different state demonstrates the universality of these features. This confirms that AE is an effective method for gaining detailed, real-time insights into the internal state and mechanisms of LIBs.