Sadeq Ali Qasem Mohammed, Mohammad AlMuhaini, Mohammad A. Abido
The global push toward sustainable and eco-friendly electrified transportation has prompted significant advancements in electric motor drives, which play a pivotal role in electric vehicles (EVs) and industrial machinery. This paper offers a holistic and in-depth review of innovative efficiency enhancement techniques for electric motor drives applied to EVs alongside the operational challenges. Key areas of focus include optimizing motor design and adopting advanced control algorithms to achieve superior energy efficiency and improved control performance. Motor design improvements leverage advanced permanent magnet materials and innovative slot-pole configurations to minimize cogging torque and enhance thermal management. On the control front, the integration of outstanding robust adaptive control strategies and AI-driven control enables dynamic adjustment of control parameters, ensuring optimal performance under critically varying load and speed conditions. On top of that, the utilization of wide-bandgap semiconductors, e.g., silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), contributes to elevating overall system efficiency. These materials offer substantial reductions in switching losses, improved thermal conductivity, and the capability to operate at higher frequencies, thereby delivering enhanced performance and reliability. This comprehensive approach to motor drive optimization aims at setting new benchmarks in energy efficiency and sustainability, aligning with the global transition toward greener transportation solutions.