Guoli Pu, Yi Bai
Purpose Based on socio-technical systems theory, this research aims to explore how (in)congruence between technological intelligence level (TIL) and supply chain cooperation level (SCCL) influences supply chain resilience (SCR). The study further analyzes the mediating role of resource orchestration (REO) and the moderating effect of re-institutionalization (REI). Design/methodology/approach The polynomial regression combined with a response surface analysis was conducted to analyze the survey data from 318 Chinese firms. Additionally, a block variable approach was used to examine the mediating mechanism of REO. Findings The empirical analysis shows that the congruence between TIL and SCCL enhances SCR. Moreover, high−high congruence of TIL and SCCL leads to a greater enhancement of SCR than low−low congruence. In cases of incongruence, high SCCL/low TIL matching patterns result in greater SCR, whereas high TIL/low SCCL patterns do not. Originality/value By overcoming the limitations of traditional single-technology or collaborative perspectives, this study offers a more nuanced understanding of digital technology adoption levels. It also systematically examines the joint effects of TIL/SCCL congruence (or incongruence) from a socio-technical systems perspective for the first time. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on SCR driven by digital technology and provides valuable insights for managers on how to leverage supply chain cooperation and technological resources.