Assessing the proficiency and application of artificial intelligence skills among construction professionals in a developing country: evidence from Nigeria

Purpose The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining professional practices across industries, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance decision-making, innovation and productivity. This study aims to examine the current state of proficiency and application of AI skills among construction professionals in a developing country by using Nigeria as a case study. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire survey administered to 209 construction professionals in Nigeria, with a 60% response rate. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including frequency and percentage distribution, mean, the Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis H-test. Findings The findings reveal uneven digital competency levels among respondents, with relatively stronger skills in data handling and Building Information Modelling, but significantly weaker proficiency in advanced AI-related competencies such as automation and digital project management. Overall proficiency remains low, constrained by limited formal education, curriculum–industry misalignment and a persistent knowledge–practice gap. While awareness of AI exists, its application remains largely operational rather than strategic, indicating slow but emerging adoption with opportunities to leverage global best practices through improved policy frameworks, leadership and cultural change. Originality/value This research provides one of the first detailed evaluations of AI skill proficiency and application in Nigeria. The research contributes a novel regional perspective by exploring AI skills in the construction sector within Lagos, Nigeria. By uncovering the gap between proficiency and the practical application of AI skills, this study not only enriches academic understanding but also calls on researchers, policymakers and industry leaders to address this shortfall through targeted research, responsive policy frameworks and innovative construction practices.