Comprehensive modeling and thermal control of selenium nanoparticle enhanced blood flow under biomagnetic and ferrohydrodynamic effects with quadratic thermal radiation

Purpose This paper aims to create a complete mathematical model that can be used to analyze the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on biomagnetic blood flow using a stretching sheet with a magnetized dipole. The effect of ferrohydrodynamics, thermal transport and SeNPs on blood flow is important because it improves thermal transfer in bio-nanofluid-based biomedical systems. Design/methodology/approach The main governing equations that determine the flow of the biomagnetic blood nanofluid include particulate flow due to ferrohydrodynamics, the Lorentz force, viscous dissipation, generation of heat internally, convective boundary conditions, partial slip at a velocity and radiation from thermal sources. Appropriate similarity transformations reduce the governing equation set to ordinary differential equations and then are solved numerically using the NDSolve method. Findings The results indicate that the Nusselt number exhibits a modest increase of approximately 5% with higher Prandtl numbers, while it shows a slight decrease (∼4%) as the radiation parameter Rd increases. Conversely, the skin friction coefficient demonstrates a significant reduction of approximately 55%–60% with increasing slip parameter ß, underscoring the strong influence of velocity slip on boundary layer dynamics and thermal transport behavior. Originality/value This research represents a new biomagnetic ferrohydrodynamic nanofluid model using SeNPs with quadratic thermal radiation. By focusing on both magnetic and thermal influences, this study provides new information about the transport of energy and momentum in nanofluid/bio-fluids. This research provides a framework that has potential applications in biomedical engineering, including magnetically controlled therapies and applications involving thermal treatment.