Prakriti Pokhrel, Xiaohua Jin, Robert Osei-Kyei, Ali Alashwal
Purpose This study explores primary preventive measures to enhance the occupational well-being of women in the construction industry, using Nepal as a representative case of developing countries. It addresses persistent gender disparities and systemic barriers in the sector. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was adopted along with literature review and expert consultation to develop a context-specific survey instrument. Responses were collected from 153 professional women in construction industry. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), t-tests and ANOVA. Findings Factor analysis revealed six distinct factors of preventive strategies: job flexibility, inclusivity and well-being, organisational support and equitable workplace culture, equality in policy and practice, maternity support and workplace safety, individual coping and personal growth, and support for domestic role. Perceptions of these strategies varied significantly by marital status, motherhood, educational qualification and work sector. Consultants reported stronger support systems than contractors, while diploma holders perceived higher support in job flexibility and maternity-related measures than degree holders. Work experience showed no significant influence. Practical implications The study provides a structured foundation for gender-responsive reforms in construction, emphasising the need for tailored strategies based on women's diverse demographic profiles to enhance inclusivity, well-being and retention in the sector. Originality/value This study fills a critical gap by identifying gender-specific preventive strategies for women in construction in a developing country context. Unlike prior research that focuses on hazards or adopts gender-neutral approaches, it offers an empirically grounded, proactive measure to address the root causes of challenges and promote long-term occupational well-being.