Developmental Rhythm and Differential Accumulation of Flavonoids in Single- and Double-Flowered Rosa xanthina.

To clarify the utilization value of Rosa xanthina germplasm resources, single-flowered and double-flowered Rosa xanthina were used as experimental materials. The dynamic accumulation of total flavonoids and four flavonoid-related substances was determined in three floral developmental stages and three fruit developmental stages of single-flowered Rosa xanthina. Total flavonoids, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin and anthocyanins were measured by aluminum nitrate colorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and extraction method, respectively. Combined with correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), the results showed statistically significant differences in flavonoid components during flowering stage (p < 0.05). The contents of total flavonoids and rutin in single-flowered Rosa xanthina were generally higher than those in double-flowered ones, while double-flowered Rosa xanthina had advantages in hyperoside and quercetin contents at the senescence stage. In fruit stage, flavonoid contents in single-flowered Rosa xanthina decreased significantly, and anthocyanins peaked at maturity. Correlation analysis revealed positive and negative statistical associations among flavonoid components, and PCA effectively distinguished samples from different developmental stages and component levels. This study clarified the component accumulation advantages of single-flowered and double-flowered Rosa xanthina, and screened key evaluation indexes, providing a scientific basis for differentiated utilization, precise harvesting and targeted regulation of Rosa xanthina varieties.