K. Lodha, R. Calderón, William L. Matthewson, Arman Shafieloo, M Ishak, Jian Pan, C. García-Quintero, Dragan Huterer, Georgios Valogiannis, Luís Alfonso Ureña López, Nilima S. Kamble, David Parkinson, A. G. Kim, Geng Zhao, Jorge L. Cervantes–Cota, J. Rohlf, F. Lozano-Rodríguez, J. O. Román-Herrera, M. Abdul-Karim, José Edgar Madriz Aguilar, S. Ahlen, O. Alves, U. Andrade, E. Armengaud, Alejandro Avilés, J. Behera, S. BenZvi, D. Bianchi, A. Brodzeller, David J. Brooks, E. Burtin, Rebecca Canning, A. Carnero Rosell, Lidia Casas, F. J. Castander, M. Charles, E. Chaussidon, J. Chaves-Montero, D. Chebat, T. Claybaugh, Shaun Cole, A. Cuceu, K. S. Dawson, Axel de la Macorra, Arnaud de Mattia, N. Deiosso, R. Demina, Arjun Dey, Biprateep Dey, Z. Ding, P. Doel, D. J. Eisenstein, Willem Elbers, Simone Ferraro, Andreu Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, Lehman H. Garrison, E. Gaztañaga, Héctor Gil-Marín, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Alma X. González‐Morales, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, Chang Hoon Hahn, M. Herbold, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, Cullan Howlett, S. Juneau, R. Kehoe, Diane Kirkby, Theodore Kisner, A. Kremin, O. Lahav, C. Lamman, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, A. Leauthaud, M. E. Levi, Qiong Li, C. Magneville, Marc Manera, Paul Martini, Aaron Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, R. Miquel, John Moustakas, D. Santos, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, S. Nadathur, G. Niz, H. E. Noriega, E. Paillas, N. Palanque‐Delabrouille, Will J. Percival, Matthew M. Pieri, Claire Poppett, Francisco Prada, A. Pérez-Fernández
We conduct an extended analysis of dark energy constraints, in support of the findings of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) second data release cosmology key paper, including DESI data, Planck cosmic microwave background observations, and three different supernova compilations. Using a broad range of parametric and nonparametric methods, we explore the dark energy phenomenology and find consistent trends across all approaches, in good agreement with the w0waCDM (cold dark matter) key paper results. Even with the additional flexibility introduced by nonparametric approaches, such as binning and Gaussian processes, we find that extending ΛCDM to include a two-parameter w(z) is sufficient to capture the trends present in the data. Finally, we examine three dark energy classes with distinct dynamics, including quintessence scenarios satisfying w≥−1, to explore what underlying physics can explain such deviations. The current data indicate a clear preference for models that feature a phantom crossing; although alternatives lacking this feature are disfavored, they cannot yet be ruled out. Our analysis confirms that the evidence for dynamical dark energy, particularly at low redshift (z≲0.3), is robust and stable under different modeling choices.