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◆ Physical review. D/Physical review. D.2026-02-18· Physics

Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes

Li Hu, Rong-Gen Cai, Shao-Jiang Wang

原始摘要(英文原文)· Original abstract
Recently, Ruffini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134 (2025) 8, 081403] pointed out that the repetitive Penrose process cannot drain the entire extractable energy of a Kerr black hole. In this Letter, we alternatively point out the charge of a Reissner-Nordström black hole cannot drop down to exactly zero via the repetitive electric Penrose process that is terminated after a finite number of iterative steps, indicating a new thermodynamical third-law analog for the repetitive electric Penrose process.
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