Decoding two-particle states in QCD with spatial wavefunctions

A systematic framework for constructing optimized interpolating operators strongly coupled to QCD two-particle states is developed, which is achieved by incorporating interhadron spatial wave functions. To efficiently implement these operators in lattice QCD, a novel quark smearing technique utilizing noise vectors is proposed. Applied to the Ω c c c Ω c c c system, these optimized operators prove superior to combinations of limited plane-wave operators, enabling the resolution of distinct eigenstates separated by only ∼ 5 MeV near the threshold 2 m Ω c c c ≃ 9700 MeV . This exceptional resolving power opens new possibilities for studies of a wide range of hadronic systems in QCD.