Prospects of measuring the atmospheric muon neutrino and antineutrino flux ratio with the ATLAS detector

There is a significant uncertainty in the prediction of atmospheric muon neutrino and antineutrino flux ratio using different flux models, especially at higher energies. We study the prospects of experimentally measuring this flux ratio as a function of energy with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. To this end, we compute the contained-vertex and external upward going charged current event rates induced by atmospheric muon (anti)neutrinos through deep inelastic scattering at the 4 kiloton hadron calorimeter (HCAL) component of ATLAS. We illustrate the event selection criteria necessary to eliminate the cosmic ray muon background for the above event classes. While the contained vertex events have a striking topology with a muon being created inside the HCAL and then traveling to the muon chamber possibly through the tracker, for muons with energy larger than 3 GeV, nearly 10 times more events are obtained for the external upward going muons created in the rock column below the detector. Our estimates show that the energy dependence of the ratio of negative and positively charged muons induced by atmospheric muon neutrino and antineutrino fluxes can be measured by ATLAS up to a muon energy of 100 GeV, with 1000-live days of neutrino physics exposure over a period of several years, considering only the period with the LHC beams not in circulation, but the detector and magnetic fields of ATLAS in operation. With this exposure, we expect to obtain 60 μ − and 30 μ + contained vertex events, and 599 μ − and 292 μ + external upward-going events, after imposing the necessary selection criteria. For the latter class of events, this corresponds to an expected ratio of negative to positive charged muon events averaged over all energies, R μ − / μ + = 2.0 5 − 0.14 + 0.15 , at 68% CL. The CMS detector at the LHC can also be used with comparable reach for studying the external upward-going rock muon events.