Wind resource assessment and energy modelling of smaller outer islands in Fiji

Abstract This study assesses and models the wind resources and energy potential of five smaller outer islands in Fiji that are not connected to the central electricity grid. Long-term wind data spanning approximately 9–11 years were analysed using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program. High-resolution wind resource maps were generated and evaluated for each island site. Results indicated that Yasawa and Koro Islands have a higher wind potential, with mean wind speeds of 7.01 and 6.47 m s−1 and corresponding wind power densities of 335 and 339 W m−², respectively, indicating suitability for utility-scale wind power applications. The islands of Gau, Ovalau and Taveuni exhibit moderate wind speeds ranging from 4.26 to 4.82 m s−1, indicating potential for stand-alone or hybrid renewable energy systems. The modelled wind farms have installed capacities of 0.8–10 MW, yielding annual energy productions (AEPs) of 4.23–22.97 GWh yr−1. These AEPs are sufficient to meet the energy demand of the islands. The analysis highlights the spatial mismatch between island-wide grid-average wind resources and localized turbine micro-siting conditions, emphasizing the importance of site-specific assessment in complex island terrain. These findings support wind energy integration into Fiji’s renewable energy transition in outer islands without grid-connected electricity, align with Fiji’s UNFCCC nationally determined contribution targets and support sustainable development goals (SDGs) SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (climate action).