Xiaojun Man, Changming Dong, Aisheng Dong, Xiandong Song
Urothelial carcinomas in renal transplant recipients usually occur in the native urinary tract but rarely in the renal allograft. We describe FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT findings in a case of high-grade urothelial carcinoma arising within the renal allograft with lymph node metastases 9 years after renal transplantation. The primary tumor appeared as an FDG-avid heterogeneously enhancing renal mass with poorly defined margins and preservation of the reniform shape mimicking centrally located infiltrative renal cell carcinoma. Multiple FDG-avid inhomogeneously enhancing ipsilateral internal and external iliac, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases were observed.