Chang Li, Xiang Yin, Menghan Jia, Jie Shao, Li Cui
RATIONALE: Autoimmune diencephalitis is a rare neurological disorder. Our hospital recently admitted a case of immunotherapy-dependent autoimmune diencephalitis. The patient showed significant improvement after adjunctive treatment with efgartigimod, providing new insights into the treatment of autoimmune diencephalitis.
PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, a middle-aged male, presented with acute onset of symptoms lasting more than 3 months, including intermittent headache, fever, epileptic seizures, and impaired consciousness.
DIAGNOSES: Laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed autoimmune diencephalitis.
INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, and efgartigimod.
OUTCOMES: After the addition of efgartigimod, glucocorticoid tapering was successfully achieved, and the patient gradually recovered.
LESSONS: This case demonstrates the favorable effect of efgartigimod as an adjunctive therapy for autoimmune diencephalitis, effectively controlling symptoms and improving patient prognosis.