Virtual Reality in Health Information and Patient Outcomes: A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper was to systematically evaluate and explore what is currently known about the use of virtual reality (VR) as a patient education instrument to convey medical information and how conveying this health information using VR ultimately influences patient outcomes. METHODS: In this literature review, relevant studies were identified. Study characteristics (eg, setting, study design, sample characteristics, VR methods, and outcomes), and findings were extracted revealing diverse applications of VR in patient education, demonstrating efficacy in areas such as preventive care, discharge education, symptom management, and preoperative preparation. Our findings revealed several potential areas for implementation. RESULTS: The results of the review reveal that VR has positive effects on patient education including improvement in knowledge, self-efficacy, psychological outcomes, and physiological outcomes. These findings provide guidance for improving patient education using VR. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of patient education utilizing VR is critical to optimal health outcomes, and VR can augment this process. Health information given to patients by their provider has profound implications regarding adherence and compliance with their prescribed treatment plan.