Primordial Black Holes as a Factory of Axions: Extragalactic Photons from Axions

Abstract Primordial black holes (PBHs) are significant sources of axions and axion-like particles, provided their Hawking temperature exceeds the particles’ masses. Given the predominant decay of axions into photons, the enhanced photon spectrum they generate can be feasibly detected using sensitive detectors. This paper introduces a novel methodology that elucidates the decay process by which particles traverse and decay over cosmological timescales. Specifically, we derive estimations for the photon spectrum and flux, assuming a monochromatic mass spectrum and isotropic distribution for PBHs. Encouragingly, forthcoming detectors like e-ASTROGAM are well positioned to capture this signal.